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Bedlam, "Kashchenko", "buckle" – these names are heard by many. But whether everyone knows the stories of the creation of famous hospitals? What interesting facts, and sometimes mystical legends and star names are associated with them?
"Sorrow’s house" – as they have long called clinics for mentally ill. For a long time, it was these establishments that enjoyed bad fame – and not in vain. Almost until the middle of the twentieth century, the methods of treatment in them sometimes resembled torture, the rights of those who got there were not respected, and doctors and staff were sometimes more dangerous than patients.
Back in the 70s and 80s, not only seriously ill people, but also just dissenters, “anti-Soviet” could be sent to the USSR for forced treatment.
Fortunately, times have changed, and psychiatry develops quite intensively. A lot is changing – methods of treatment, drugs, attitude to patients. It is significant that in the media there are more and more open references to stars that they underwent treatment on depression or dependencies in psychiatrists. I would like to believe that the era of stigmatization and cruel measures of "therapy" will remain in the past.
And we decided to recall some well -known clinics and their even more well -known patients.
1.Tonton
The whole world would not have learned about the state psychiatric hospital in Massachusetts, who worked from 1851 to 1975, if it were not for the nurse that worked in the clinic of Tulton. Jane Topan experienced unhealthy pleasure, killing people with the help of her disposal of drugs.
Making helpless patients injections from a mixture of her own composition, she sent more than 30 people to the world, among whom was her sister. The criminal was exposed and placed in the same clinic as a patient with a murder mania.
By that time, the gloomy rumors about the affairs that were going on in the hospital had already acquired new outlines, and the inhabitants of the town began to talk about the satanic black masses in its cellars, during which the staff allegedly sacrificed patients.
In the end, the hospital was closed, but lovers to tickle the nerves and esoterically -minded tourists willingly visited there and even, according to their statements, met the ghosts of the dead.
2.Bedlam
This name has become a household name – many people use the word "Bedam", not even guessing about its origin. In fact, it comes from the biblical "Bethlehem", it was the London hospital of St. Maria Bethlehem (English. Bethlem), opened in 1547. Among the famous patients of the clinic was Khanna Chaplin, the mother of the famous comedian of the silent cinema.
Charlie’s mother performed on stage, sang and danced. Once, due to health problems, she lost her voice and could not perform-and then the five-year-old son replaced her, breaking the applause of the audience. It is likely that this case determined his fate.
In 1896, Hannah lost her mind and was https://globalpharmacy24.com/drug/kamagra-chewable placed in Bedlam. Charlie Chaplin and his brother lived with his father’s new family for some time, and then, when the mother left the hospital, they ended up with her in the work of the house where they worked, receiving shelter and food for this.
Researchers who studied records of the medical history of Hannah Chaplin believe that she was sick with syphilis. In the later stages, the disease destroys the nervous system, which can manifest itself in attacks of aggression – this was the case with the mother of the actor. At the age of 35, she was again placed in the hospital.
Periodically Charlie and her brother took her home and looked after, but the disease made itself felt with new episodes, and Hannah had to be sent again to psychiatrists. When Charlie Chaplin became already quite famous and earned money for moving to America, his mother was in deep dementia.
Not wanting to part with her, he took her to him, ensuring round -the -clock care in his own house in California. After 7 years, she died in her arms at Charlie. Hannah Chaplin was buried in a cemetery in Hollywood.
3."Kashchenko"
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky repeatedly lay in Kashchenko, which he described in his song. This is another psychiatric hospital, the name of which has become the name of a household. It is also called the "Kanatchikova cottage", but in fact it is the Moscow Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. A. Alekseeva.
It was this philanthropist and the mayor, who managed Moscow from 1885 to 1883, raised money to build a clinic for mentally ill people on the site of the former dacha Kanatchikov merchants, at that time – on the border of the city.
The beautiful building of the hospital in a neo -Russian “brick” style resembles the building of the Historical Museum and others, erected in Moscow at the same time Nikolai Alekseev. The clinic was progressive at that time. No gratings on the windows, it did not use all over the shirts and other harsh measures – the doctors professed a humane approach to working with patients.
A almost mystical story is also connected with Kanatchikova Dacha. At 41, Nikolai Alekseev was killed just mentally ill – shot in his own house. There is a theory that his death was prepared by political opponents who invested weapons in the hands of the "obsessed".
The surgeon Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky tried to save him, but the wound was fatal. And yet, dying, Alekseev managed to bequeath a large amount to complete the construction of the hospital. In honor of the doctor Peter Kashchenko, the hospital began to be called in 1922: the psychiatrist managed it for 2 years and generally made a great contribution to the development of medical science.
In addition to Vladimir Vysotsky, the actor and director Rolan Bykov, the poet Joseph Brodsky and other famous people lay in Kashchenko at one time.
4."Buckle"
The psychiatric hospital of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in St. Petersburg has such a strange name because of the rivulet that originates nearby. Before the clinic, there was a prison (prison), and in 1865, a “temporary hospital for obsessed at a correctional institution” was opened in the same building ”.
Correction, according to the charter of the institution, was subject to "persons of pre -persons, violating well -rehabilitation and shame to a shame on society". For example, women got there not only for an abandoned child, the opening of brothels and prostitution, but also for the “disobedience of parental power” and “daring handling with her husband”.
After the revolution, the city psychiatric hospital No. 2 is located here. The “buckle” was treated by the writer Vsevolod Garshin, who suffered from bipolar disorder (“manic-depressive psychosis”), and the wife of the composer P. AND. Tchaikovsky Antonina Milyukov.
For “anti-Soviet” verses, Joseph Brodsky passed a forced forensic forensic examination. Viktor Tsoi, according to him, was hiding there from service in the army (he had every chance to die in Afghanistan).
5."Gannushkin"
Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 named after. B. Gannushkina is located in Moscow on Pothene Street. Where does this name come from? In 1684, a funny town was built for young Peter I on the shore of Yauza – for the fun of the heir to entertain.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the buildings were destroyed, but the name remained. A factory of Kotov merchants was built at this place, which went bankrupt at the beginning of the 20th century, the empty buildings were given to the Preobrazhenskaya hospital.
At the beginning of the 20th century, 2 buildings in the style of neo -Gothic modernity were erected there with the money of Moscow patrons, and after the revolution the City Institute of Clinical and Social Psychoneurology was located there there.
Now the hospital is named after the famous psychiatrist Gannushkin, who actually never worked there. In the early 90s, actress Tatyana Peltzer lay here. Everyone remembers her roles well in the films “Formula of Love”, “12 chairs” by Mark Zakharov, “Three in the boat, not counting the dog” and others.
According to the recollections of colleagues, the actress had a quick -tempered character and could, without thinking, to say unpleasant to anyone – from a trepidable newcomer in the troupe to the venerable director. So with a scandal, she left the Satire Theater in Lenkom.
With age, the eccentric actress became manic suspicious, scattered. The texts of roles were prompted by Alexander Abdulov and other scene partners. Once Tatyana Peltzer arranged a particularly loud scandal in the theater, and she was called an ambulance. Doctors took her to the Gannushkin psychiatric hospital.
A few days later, actress Olga Aroseva managed to get there to visit the Peltzer – she was not allowed for a long time, explaining that Tatyana Ivanovna was aggressive and dangerous. Peltzer was all bruised and blood, as Aroseva recalled.
Having not learned what happened there, the actress’s friends took her and placed her in another psychiatric clinic. In 1992, having received a fracture of the hip neck, Tatyana Peltzer died at the age of 88.
The history of psychiatry for a long time was rather gloomy. A superstitious, ignorant and sometimes aggressive attitude to those who were different from the rest, and sometimes seemed “an obsessed devil”, the lack of rights of the sick and the barbaric methods that they tried to treat – all this created a halo of dark mystery around psychiatric medical workers. A mystical attitude towards them and many frightening legends inspired writers and filmmakers. Let all the negativity remain part of the historical past.
